Buprenorphine (BUP) may be responsible for respiratory depression resulting in serious andsometimes fatal poisonings. However, the exact mechanisms leading to these deleterious respiratoryeffects still remain unclear. The objectives of this thesis were to study the variability of BUP-inducedrespiratory effects by focusing on: 1) the involvement of P-glycoprotein 2) the role of tolerance to opioids in addition to investigating possible differences among tolerance to opioid-related antinociceptive and respiratory effects as well as the involved molecular mechanisms. We studied the respiratory effects of BUP and its active metabolite, norbuprenorphine (NBUP) using plethysmography in female Fvb mice. We measured P-gp-related transport of BUP and NBUP at the blood-brain barrier (BBB) using in situ brain perfusion after pharmacological P-gp inhibition as well as in P-gp knock-out mice. We also studied the role of gender and mice strain in the variability of BUP-related respiratory effects. We showed that P-gp at the BBB plays a key-protective role against BUP-related respiratory effects by limiting NBUP distribution into the brain. We observed that female Fvb mice are more sensitive to BUP-induced deleterious respiratory effects than male Fvb mice thatare more sensitive than male Swiss mice. Furthermore, we assessed that gender- and strain-attributedvariability is not related to P-gp. Finally, we demonstrated that tolerance to BUP-induced antinociceptive and respiratory effects is significantly reduced in P-gp knockout mice in comparison to controls, suggesting a critical role for P-gp in tolerance to BUP. In parallel, we showed that repeated administration of morphine results in reduced tolerance to its respiratory effects in comparison to its antinociceptive effects. Adenylate cyclase super-activation that we evidenced in the periaqueductal grey matter, the area involved in opioid-related analgesia control, but not in the brainstem, the area that contains centres of ventilation regulation, may at least in part be responsible for these observed differences in tolerance. Finally, to complete our experimental researches, we performed two mini-reviews, aiming at summarizing the various mechanisms of tolerance and their involvement in respiratory depression in addition to highlighting the importance of drug-drug interactions leading to P-glycoprotein inhibition in the occurrence of deleterious clinical effects.
Paris 5.
2013.
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