As part of the scientific activities held by the College of Architecture, Dr. Muhammad Shalash and Dr. Salem Issa gave two scientific lectures:
The task of the structural engineer is to choose the appropriate structural solution for the structure, based on the available materials, in a way that suits local conditions and provides the required needs of the building. The development of civilization has opened a wide scope for the structural engineer in terms of the diversity and availability of materials used, as well as choosing the appropriate construction package for the construction material.
Structural design steps:
The design begins with initial ideas and then continues until a solution is reached that ensures balance and stability of the structure throughout its design life. The structural design steps are the following:
- Choose the material for the structural design and know its properties: The construction material must be chosen so that compatibility with the architectural bulk materials is achieved, as well as taking into account their availability and economic cost, in addition to This is to study the properties of these materials and their resistances, and thus estimate the acceptable resistances for the design.
- Choosing the construction package: The rapid development in the field of structural design, the use of computer programs, and the availability and diversity of construction materials has opened wide scope for the designer to have different options for the construction package. In general, the form of the structure and the internal forces in it depend on the chosen sentence. This choice is also affected by the economic cost of the facility.
- Estimation of loads and reactions: The values of all loads affecting the structure, whether permanent or temporary loads, winds, or earthquakes, must be estimated throughout the design life, with specification of the forms The loading that has the greatest effects on the structure. As well as determining reactions to different forms of loading.
- The effect of loads on the structural structure: The maximum effects of all loads on the elements of the structural structure and the worst possible forms of loading must be studied. These effects appear in the form of axial forces, shear forces, and bending moments, and the values of deformations and displacements resulting from these loads must be estimated.
- The shape and dimensions of the element sections: The selection of the shape of the elements and determining their dimensions for all elements must meet the requirements of the structural design in terms of safety for the various effects of loads from axial forces Shear forces and bending moments. In addition, the architect must be familiar with these shapes and dimensions.
Highlighting a basic building material used in ancient world and Middle Eastern civilizations (Mesopotamia) It is the brick material, where the latest products of this material, its shapes, colors and types, the possibilities of its applications in building architecture and its uses as a final cladding layer in building walls were presented.